With the intensification of air pollution and the continuous improvement of people's awareness of environmental protection, the problem of smog has attracted widespread public attention, and ammonia can directly participate in and accelerate the formation of ammonium salts in the atmosphere, thus affecting the smog particles in the atmosphere. The formation also plays a vital role.

For the formation of ammonium sulfate in the atmosphere, the traditional research view is that sulfur trioxide (SO3) reacts with water to form sulfuric acid, and then further reacts with ammonia (NH3) to produce ammonium sulfate. However, the study found that ammonia can directly participate in the reaction of sulfur trioxide and water.

In the simulation experiment, it is directly observed that ammonia molecules and sulfur trioxide molecules react spontaneously in water clusters to form ammonium bisulfate (NH4HSO4). During the reaction, ammonia and sulfur trioxide form 1 special ring structures with water clusters. The formation of the ring structure greatly promotes the transfer of hydrogen atoms in water molecules to ammonia molecules, thereby forming ammonium ions. At the same time, hydroxide soon combines with sulfur trioxide molecules to form hydrogen sulfate. Through further reaction transition state search, the reaction path was confirmed. They found that the existence of the third water molecule in the three molecular water cluster contributed to the formation of the ring structure, and the ring structure can reduce the reaction energy barrier to almost zero, thus greatly increasing the formation rate of ammonium bisulfate in the atmospheric water cluster.

At present, in the formation of PM2.5, people pay more attention to primary particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, but relevant experts point out that ammonia plays an important role in the formation of PM2.5.

Based on the research on the formation mechanism of ammonia in PM2.5, it is constantly disclosed that in the future, in the process of haze control, measures to carry out large-scale ammonia detection to control ammonia emissions may receive more and more attention. At present, the main principles of ammonia gas detector are chemiluminescence, TDLAS, electrochemical method, infrared method, etc., and the related instruments involved will have more demand in the environmental protection industry.

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